HDL og LDL
HDL bliver ofte omtalt som det gode kolesterol, imens LDL er det onde kolesterol. En af årsagerne til, at HDL har fået det gode ry, og LDL har det dårlige ry, er på grund af deres arbejdsopgaver. De udfører begge nogle vigtige funktioner. Men HDL’s funktion skinner tydeligt igennem, hvis man allerede har dømt kolesterol, som den dårlige taber.
HDL’s arbejdsopgaver
En af HDL’s opgaver er at opspore tabt kolesterol i kredsløbet, samle det op og sejle det tilbage til leveren, hvor det kan blive udskilt. HDL bidrager derfor med at rense blodet for fritflydende kolesterol, og en høj mængde HDL i blodet, har en klar forbindelse til et sundt kredsløb. Det er sejt, så tak HDL. Men hvad så med LDL?
LDL’s arbejdsopgaver
En af LDL’s arbejdsopgaver er at bære kolesterol og andre stoffer, fra maden vi spiser. LDL er det primære fragtskib, som bliver produceret af leveren. LDL pakkes med soldater, i form af kolesterol og fedt, og har til opgave, at sejle forsyningerne ud til celler, der har brug for dem.
HDL fjerner altså kolesterol og LDL transporterer den.
En høj mængde LDL betyder derfor oftest en høj mængde kolesterol, og er tidligere sat i sammenhæng med en øget risiko for blodpropper. Et stort studie fra 2018, der har kigget på 68.000 personer over 60 år viser dog, at et højt LDL hverken betyder lavere levealder eller mere hjerte-karsygdom. Og faktisk viste undersøgelsen også, at dem der havde det højeste LDL, var dem der levede længst. Jeg vil dog lige understrege, at der stadig findes undersøgelser, der sætter LDL i korrelation med hjertekarsygdom, men de finder stadig ingen årsagssammenhæng. Så man kan spekulere på, hvor mange andre faktorer, der faktisk spiller ind.
For mange er det derfor naturligt at forsøge at sænke LDL for at mindske kolesterol, men hvad hvis kolesterol og LDL i sig selv ikke er problemet? Hvad hvis vi kan pille ved andre faktorer og lade LDL gøre sit job med at sikre vores hungrende celler de rette ressourcer til at holde sig raske og sunde?
Andre kriminelle er involveret
LDL og kolesterol er altså på gerningsstedet med pistolen i hånden og dermed de oplagte gerningsmænd, men LDL er ikke nødvendigvis direkte ansvarlig for dannelsen af blodpropper. Når der dannes en blodprop i en blodåre, opstår den ikke bare ud af ingenting. Den skal bruge de helt rette forhold for at kunne opstå. Forhold, som eksempelvis kronisk inflammation og en god portion frie radikaler.
Under normale forhold, hvor vores celler modtager fornødne forstærkninger fra et LDL-skib, snupper cellerne de nødvendige ressourcer, og spytter resten tilbage i kredsløbet. Denne proces kaldes endocytose, og foregår hele tiden, så vores celler kan få de næringsstoffer, de har brug for, for at kunne fungere. I virkeligheden vil LDL bare gerne gøre sit arbejde i fred.
Vidste du godt?
Vidste du, at der kun er en meget lille statistisk sammenhæng imellem at sænke dit LDL helt i bund, og din risiko for blodpropper i det hele taget? Online risiko-udregnere som kardiologer bruger for at vurdere risiko for en blodprop, inkluderer ikke engang LDL som en aktiv del af udregningen. For lav HDL derimod har længe været associeret med øget hjertekarsygdomme. Hvis du derfor fokuserer på at øge HDL i stedet for at fokusere på at sænke LDL, kan du, ifølge M.D. Catherine Shanahan og The Framingham Study, mindske din risiko med absurde længder. Så hvorfor fokuserer vi ikke på at øge vores HDL på en naturlig måde i stedet for at sænke LDL med en pille?
Resume:
– HDLs arbejdeopgave er at rense blodet fra tabt kolesterol
– LDL har til opgave at transportere livsnødvendig kolesterol til sultende celler.
– Forhøjet LDL er ikke i direkte forbindelse med forhøjet risiko for hjertekarsygdomme alene, der er mange flere faktorer der spiller ind.
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